Exploring Teletype Machines
Ham radio is deeply intertwined with the evolution of communication technologies, and one remarkable device in this lineage is the teletype machine. These mechanical marvels once served as the backbone of digital communication before the advent of modern computers and email. Recently, we had the privilege of exploring this fascinating history with Nick, K0NCQ, and Steve Garrison, N4TTY, both of whom have hands-on experience with teletypes.
The Model 28 Teletype
Nick showcased his fully restored Model 28 teletype, a machine that epitomizes ham radio’s digital roots. Manufactured and widely used in the 1950s, this machine represents a time when communication relied on ingenuity and mechanical precision. According to Steve, who trained on teletypes during his time in the U.S. Air Force from 1966 to 1970, these machines were essential for military communications, facilitating the exchange of information across the globe.
A Glimpse into History
The teletype’s role extended beyond the military. Steve explained that these machines were used for telegrams, with messages printed on strips of paper. These strips would be attached to forms and delivered to recipients by messengers, often on bicycles. Teletypes like the Model 28 remained in use until the 1980s when computers and printers began to dominate the communication landscape.
The Origin of the Teletype Corporation
The history of teletype machines involves two key figures: Kleinschmidt and Krum. Initially competitors, they eventually joined forces to form the Teletype Corporation, with financial backing from Morton Salt’s founder. Their collaboration laid the foundation for the machines that revolutionized communication during the 20th century.
From Wired to Wireless Communication
One of the pivotal advancements in teletype technology was its transition from wired communication to radio teletype (RTTY). Steve explained that teletypes were connected to radios via terminal node controllers (TNCs). These devices converted digital signals into radio signals, enabling long-distance communication, such as across oceans or from ships at sea. This innovation was crucial for applications where physical wires were impractical.
RTTY used Baudot code, a five-bit system named after its inventor, Émile Baudot. With only 32 possible characters, the system relied on uppercase letters to maximize efficiency. Steve shared how this limitation shaped the way messages were formatted and transmitted.
Keeping Teletypes Alive Today
For those passionate about vintage technology, there are still ways to engage with teletypes. Steve mentioned the annual RTTY contests, where some enthusiasts use actual teletype machines rather than modern computers. He personally participated in one such contest using his Model 28 teletype connected to his Flex 6700 radio.
Restoring these machines has also become a rewarding hobby. Communities like GreenKeys bring together enthusiasts from around the world who share tips, troubleshoot issues, and preserve these historical devices. GreenKeys—an email-based group—is an invaluable resource for anyone interested in keeping teletypes operational.
Teletypes and Modern Feeds
Interestingly, teletypes can still be used to receive real-time news feeds via the internet. Steve described how ITTY (Internet Teletype) provides a modern twist on the “rip and read” news process once used in radio stations. Messages are printed directly on the teletype, offering a nostalgic yet functional way to consume information.
A Testament to Engineering Ingenuity
What makes teletypes so remarkable is that they were designed entirely by hand, without the aid of computers. This speaks to the ingenuity of their creators and the durability of their designs. Steve’s ability to recall and apply his military training to repair teletypes highlights the timeless appeal of these machines.
Conclusion
Teletype machines are more than relics of the past; they’re a testament to the creativity and innovation that shaped modern communication. Whether you’re a ham radio enthusiast, a history buff, or someone who loves vintage tech, exploring teletypes offers a unique window into the evolution of digital communication.
At Ham Radio Prep, we celebrate the rich history of amateur radio while helping newcomers earn their FCC licenses. Join the thousands of students who’ve succeeded with us—visit www.hamradioprep.com and try a free lesson today!
