Four HF bands have segments allocated only for Amateur Extra licensees and those are 80 meters, 40 meters, 20 meters and 15 meters.
“CQ DX” is a call for distant stations, specifically outside the lower 48 states in this case.
Ferrite chokes sometimes are referred to as ferrite beads. The choke usually will stop the flow of RF on the audio cable. This technique is also effective on other cables connected to your computer such as the USB cable and mouse cable. Placing a ferrite choke around the cable would reduce RF interference caused by common-mode current on an audio cable.
The inverted V name comes from the antenna’s shape when supported at the center.
As a horizontal half-wave dipole is lowered closer to the ground (around 1/10 wavelength), the antenna begins to interact more strongly with the ground. The ground reflects the antenna’s signal, and this reflection is out of phase with the original signal. So the key idea: Closer to ground → more interaction and losses → lower radiation resistance → lower feed-point impedance.